If such relationships are a fact of social life, how then do relationships matter for social behavior and social preferences? We suggest these important issues provoke a prior question of how the perceived closeness of a relationship, which is a subjective judgment, can be measured. Most people have some close relationship to a romantic partner, a few friends and family, somewhat looser relationships with other friends and even looser ones with numerous acquaintances. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Д¬ompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.ДЄn important fact of social life is that people have social relationships that vary in closeness. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedДata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.ДЇunding: Funding was received from the European Research Council ( ) Advanced Investigator Grant COOPERATION 295707 and the UK Economic and Social Research Coincil ( ) grant ES/K002201/1 (Network for Integrated Behavioural Science). Received: JanuAccepted: Published: June 12, 2015Д¬opyright: В© 2015 GГ¤chter et al. PLoS ONE 10(6):ДЄcademic Editor: MariaPaz Espinosa, University of the Basque Country, SPAIN We conclude that the IOS Scale is a psychologically meaningful and highly reliable measure of the subjective closeness of relationships.Д¬itation: GГ¤chter S, Starmer C, Tufano F (2015) Measuring the Closeness of Relationships: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the 'Inclusion of the Other in the Self' Scale. We then conduct a Principal Component Analysis to construct an Index of Relationship Closeness and find that it correlates very strongly (ПЃ = 85) with the IOS Scale. Across our three online studies with a diverse adult population (n = 772) we show that six different scales designed to measure relationship closeness are all highly significantly positively correlated with the IOS Scale. The tool is highly portable, very easy for subjects to understand and takes less than 1 minute to administer. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the 'Inclusion of the Other in the Self' (IOS) Scale, a handy pictorial tool for measuring the subjectively perceived closeness of a relationship. In turn, this creates a need for tractable, and reliable, tools for measuring fundamental aspects of social relationships. Understanding the nature and influence of social relationships is of increasing interest to behavioral economists, and behavioral scientists more generally.

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